Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign tumor found in the salivary glands. It usually develops in the parotid gland, which is the largest salivary gland located in front of the ear and near the jaw. This tumor is also called a benign mixed tumor because it contains different types of cells.
Even though this tumor is non-cancerous in most cases, it should not be ignored. Over time, it can continue to grow and may become harder to remove. In some patients, it may also turn into cancer after many years.
What Is the Parotid Gland and Why Is It Important?
The parotid gland helps produce saliva, which is important for chewing, swallowing, and digestion. The gland is located close to the facial nerve, which controls facial movement such as smiling and blinking.
Because the facial nerve passes through the parotid gland, surgery in this area must be done carefully to avoid nerve damage.
What Causes Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Parotid Gland?
The exact cause of pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland is still not fully known. Doctors believe that abnormal growth of salivary gland cells may lead to the formation of this tumor.
Some factors that may increase risk include:
- Radiation exposure
- Smoking
- Age above 30 years
- Family history of salivary gland tumors
However, many patients develop the condition without any clear reason.
What Are the Symptoms of Pleomorphic Adenoma Tumor?
The symptoms usually develop slowly. Many people notice a painless lump near the jaw or ear.
Common signs include:
- Slow growing lump near the ear
- Painless swelling in the parotid gland
- Difficulty chewing in larger tumors
- Facial weakness in rare cases
- Feeling of pressure around the jaw
Most tumors are painless and may remain unnoticed for years.
Is Pleomorphic Adenoma Cancer?
No, pleomorphic adenoma is generally a benign tumor. About 85% of parotid tumors are non-cancerous. However, doctors still recommend removal because the tumor can continue to grow.
In a small number of cases, the tumor can become cancerous. This condition is called carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma. The risk increases if the tumor is left untreated for many years.
How Is Pleomorphic Adenoma Diagnosis Done?
Doctors use different tests to confirm the diagnosis.
Physical Examination
The doctor checks the size, shape, and location of the swelling.
Imaging Tests
Scans help understand the tumor better.
These may include:
- MRI scan
- CT scan
- Ultrasound
Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAC)
A thin needle is used to collect cells from the tumor. This helps doctors know whether the growth is benign or malignant.
What Is the Best Pleomorphic Adenoma Treatment?
The most effective treatment is surgery. Since the tumor keeps growing slowly, removing it early is usually recommended.
What Is Parotidectomy?
Parotidectomy is a surgery performed to remove the tumor from the parotid gland. The surgeon carefully protects the facial nerve during the procedure.
There are different types of surgery depending on tumor size and location:
- Superficial parotidectomy
- Total parotidectomy
- Partial gland removal
In some cases, facelift-style incisions are used to reduce visible scars.
Why Is Early Surgery Important for Benign Parotid Tumor?
Early treatment helps reduce complications. Smaller tumors are easier to remove and have lower chances of recurrence.
Benefits of early surgery include:
- Lower risk of facial nerve problems
- Smaller surgical area
- Better cosmetic results
- Reduced risk of cancer development
Can Pleomorphic Adenoma Come Back After Surgery?
Yes, recurrence is possible, especially if the tumor is not completely removed. However, experienced surgeons can greatly reduce this risk.
Regular follow-up visits are important after surgery.
What Is Recovery Like After Parotid Gland Tumor Surgery?
Most patients recover well after surgery. Mild swelling and discomfort are common during the first few days.
Recovery tips include:
- Taking prescribed medicines
- Keeping the surgical area clean
- Following doctor instructions carefully
- Attending follow-up appointments
Most people return to normal activities within a few weeks.
Are All Parotid Tumors the Same?
No, there are several types of parotid tumors.
Other benign tumors include:
- Warthin’s tumor
- Oncocytoma
- Monomorphic adenoma
- Hemangioma
Some malignant tumors may also develop in the salivary glands, though they are less common.
When Should You See a Doctor for Salivary Gland Tumor Symptoms?
You should seek medical advice if you notice:
- Lump near jaw or ear
- Swelling that continues growing
- Facial weakness
- Pain around the gland
- Difficulty opening the mouth
Early diagnosis can improve treatment success and reduce complications.
Treatment Support at Alpha Surgical Group
Patients seeking expert care for pleomorphic adenoma treatment and other salivary gland conditions can consult Alpha Surgical Group, located at:
9735 Wilshire Boulevard, Beverly Hills, CA 90211, USA
The organization provides surgical evaluation and treatment options for parotid gland tumors using advanced surgical techniques and patient-focused care.
